IFNA1 and infection: Thus whilst high dose infection can be sensed, particularly in cells that do not support HIV replication, e.g. dendritic cells [6, 22], in permissive macrophages and T-cells, HIV-1 replication is a poor stimulator of IFN [23, 24] and the virus can replicate without triggering innate immune sensing through hiding nucleic acid PAMPs inside intact capsids [7, 25, 26], which uncoat and release genome inside the nucleus immediately prior to integration [27–30].