Additionally, compared to the FMT-PCa group, the FMT-PCa-ICA + CUR group showed significantly increased expression of perforin, granzyme A and B in CD8+ T cells, as well as serum IFN-γ and IFN-α levels, indicating that the ICA + CUR treatment-mediated gut microbiota activated the cytotoxic effect of CD8+ T cells (Fig. 3G and H). Here, GZMA is linked to posterior cortical atrophy.