Through genome-wide analysis, the researchers identified 23 variants at 14 loci that were significantly associated with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and BPH development (rg = 0.77, P = 2.6 × 10− 11) and one standard deviation increase in a polygenic risk score (PRS) for BPH/LUTS increases PSA levels by 12.9% (P = 1.6 × 10− 55) [24]. This evidence concerns the gene KLK3 and benign prostatic hyperplasia.