It was not surprising that the expression levels of CIDEC, NUMA1 and RAG1 in human subjects; Ndrg1 and Pea15a in mice with TNBS-induced colitis; and Cidec, Pea15a and Xbp1 in mice with DSS-induced colitis were not significantly different given the small sample sizes. This evidence concerns the gene NDRG1 and colitis.