Approximately 24 h after systemic LCMV infection, splenic pDCs contribute to IFN production [84, 85, 88], but the majority of these cytokines are produced between 48 and 72 h after infection; this process is preserved in the face of pDC depletion [16, 71, 87, 155] and requires MAVS and MDA5 but not TLR/Myd88 signaling [86, 87], indicating that it originated from cells other than pDCs and likely encompass cDCs [87]. This evidence concerns the gene MYD88 and infection.