As suggested by the serum cytokine levels (Figure 3D), production of the angiogenic factor, VEGF,44 was found to be suppressed in cardiac tissue cells in all three conditions (IHD, IHF, and NIHF), although induction of its regulator, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF1α) was observed expectedly in ischemic (IHD and IHF) CMs (Figure S2C). Here, HIF1A is linked to myocardial ischemia.