ATM and isolated focal cortical dysplasia type II: CDT induces double-strand breaks (DSBs), activates the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM)-dependent DNA damage response and forms DNA repair complexes, triggering irreversible G2/M arrest of the cell cycle and apoptosis (Lara-Tejero and Galán, 2000; Zhang et al., 2018; Tatekawa et al., 2022).