ADIPOQ and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: The potential association between AD and obesity could be attributed to various factors, starting with the common pathophysiological background of perpetual inflammation, which is driven and maintained by various elements such as adipokines (e.g., adiponectin), fatty acid-binding proteins, proinflammatory cytokines, or hormones (e.g., leptin) [4,5].