PPARGC1A and neoplasm: Hence, a triple targeting approach involving PGC1α, HIF1α, and glutamine metabolism is necessary to completely block melanoma growth by shutting down oxidative metabolism, glycolysis, and glutaminolysis (145), suggesting that a combination therapy targeting multiple nodes of tumor metabolism is necessary to effectively disrupt energy production and viability, However, overcoming the challenges posed by metabolic heterogeneity and redundancy remains a significant obstacle.