CD274 and neoplasm: When analyzing the subgroups for OS, it was observed that patients with a programmed death-ligand 1 tumor proportion score (PD-L1 TPS) of 50 % or higher, those treated with anti-PD-1 drugs, patients below 65 years of age, male patients, smokers, those with non-squamous histology, patients without liver metastases, patients with brain metastases, and those receiving cisplatin-based therapy exhibited better efficacy compared to other subgroups.