The results from the KEYNOTE-042 trial (NCT02220894) revealed that among three stratified populations with different tumor proportion scores (TPS) (PD-L1 ≥50 %, ≥20 %, and ≥1 %), the pembrolizumab group (PD-L1 ≥ 50 % strata) demonstrated a significantly longer overall survival (OS) (HR 0.69, 95 % CI: [0.56, 0.85]) and a much lower incidence of Grade ≥3 treatment-related adverse events (18 % in the pembrolizumab group vs. 41 % in the chemotherapy group) compared to the chemotherapy group. The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is neoplasm.