Spatial changes in response to immunotherapy, specifically anti-CD47 and anti-PD1, have also been explored by Shekarian et al. In their study, treatment of patient tumor explants with single or combinatorial immunotherapy resulted in increased CD4+ and CD8+ T cell infiltration and M1-like macrophage presence, as determined by CODEX spatial technology (Shekarian et al., 2022). Here, CD8A is linked to neoplasm.