Regarding the immune TME, spatial transcriptomics and proteomics have shown that tumor cells co-localize with both exhausted CD8+ T cells (Ravi et al., 2022b) and a variety of myeloid cells (Coy et al., 2022; Shekarian et al., 2022; Al-Dalahmah et al., 2023; Jain et al., 2023; Sattiraju et al., 2023). This evidence concerns the gene CD8A and neoplasm.