The combination of baseline bsPD-L1 expression with MMP3 and/or MMP13 change categorized NSCLC patients treated with ICIs into three groups: (i) baseline bsPD-L1−, (ii) baseline bsPD-L1+(MMP3 and MMP13)increased, and (iii) baseline bsPD-L1+(MMP3 or MMP13)decreased. Here, MMP3 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.