Patients with T2DM have significantly elevated levels of age, BMI, waist circumference, TG, insulin, fasting glucose, HbA1c, blood urea nitrogen, serum uric acid, creatinine, and NHHR compared to those in the non-T2DM group, with all differences reaching statistical significance (P < 0.05). This evidence concerns the gene INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus.