NEFL and Alzheimer disease: Participants with AD receiving AADvac1 treatment (tau-targeting vaccine) in a phase 2 clinical trial (ADAMANT, NCT02484547) had a 12.6% (n = 100) increase in NfL from baseline whereas subjects receiving placebo treatment had an increase of 27.7% (n = 63, P = 0.0046) over the 104-week trial [103].