THBS1 and glioblastoma: After VT1021 treatment, the mean TSP-1 protein levels in PBMCs (0.77, 0.76 μg/ml) and platelets (1.80, 1.24 μg/ml) were significantly upregulated in patients with GBM and pancreatic cancer (Table 3), suggesting that TSP-1 is a pharmacodynamic biomarker of VT1021 for patients with GBM and pancreatic cancer.