ESM1 and Sepsis: According to previous research, C-reactive protein (CRP)5, procalcitonin (PCT)6, pancreatic stone protein (PSP)7, interleukin 6 (IL-6)8, high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1)9, soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell-1 (sTREM-1)10 are commonly used for early identification and severity assessment of sepsis, and serum amyloid A protein (SAA)11, HMGB1, adrenomedullin (ADM)12, programmed death-1 (PD-1)13, endothelial cell specific molecule-1 (ESM-1)14, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1)15, lncRNA CASC216 are important predictors of sepsis-related death.