Decitabine plus camrelizumab caused high response rates and long-term benefits in patients with Hodgkin’s lymphoma who failed PD-1 inhibitors.423,424 The combination of decitabine and pembrolizumab induced better response in patients with relapsed AML, with transcriptional signs of immune activation.425 Other combinations of HMAs and ICIs also show good safety and preliminary anti-tumor effects in patients with hematological malignancies in clinical trials426–429 (Supplementary Table 5). Here, PDCD1 is linked to neoplasm.