INS and diabetes mellitus: After exclusion of those without data from other registers, suitable comparator individuals, data irregularities, baseline type 2 diabetes, type 1 diabetes or other types of non-type 2 diabetes, insulin use within one month after diabetes diagnosis, and pancreatic diseases, we included 46,150 individuals with coeliac disease and 219,763 comparator individuals in the cohort analysis (Fig. 1).