ICAM1 and COVID-19: Fig 3B and 3D show the quantification of ICAM-1 and NLRP3 expressions in HPMVEC. A significant difference in both moieties between the normal serum and COVID-19 serum treated models was observed. P-selectin, another EC adhesion molecule, that mediates the binding of neutrophils and monocytes, had elevated levels in the COVID-19 model, compared to normal serum (healthy) controls, but the difference was not statistically significant (Fig 3E).