HMGB1 and Cerebral ischemia: Relevant studies have proven that neuroinflammation after brain injury is linked to high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), including, among others, epilepsy (Fang et al. 2012; Ravizza et al. 2018), cerebral ischemia (Kim S W, Jin Y, Shin et al. 2012), and neuropathy (Nishida et al. 2016).