The significance of the PD-L1/PD-1 axis to cancer treatment is that high expression of PD-L1 has been observed in multiple types of human cancers including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, prostate cancer, and gastric cancer (Cha et al., 2019). The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.