GFAP and ischemic stroke: They rapidly respond to injury or alterations of microenvironment with morphological changes and production of factors that contribute to neurological outcome by promoting injury and/or lesion repair.12 Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is the most widely used marker of reactive astrocytes; increased GFAP is a response to injury and, a sensitive indicator detectable even in the absence of overt neuronal death.30 Furthermore, suppression of astrogliosis can promote brain functional recovery in ischemic stroke.31