MAPK8 and atherosclerosis: Treatment of JNK inhibitor SP600125 in different macrophage cell lines block foam cell formation, demonstrating the possible contribution of JNK in the formation of foam cells.[103] Moreover, JNK1/2 knockout mice displayed resistance to atherosclerosis development after being fed a high-cholesterol diet.[105] In JNK2 knockout mice, while the cellular contributions towards lesion formation remain the same, the atherosclerotic lesion found in these animals was smaller.[135] Conversely, the roles of JNK pathways in mediating cardiac hypertrophic responses are much less understood.