MAPK1 and cardiac hypertrophy: Upstream ERK pathway via the action of MEK1/2 may play a role in cardiac hypertrophyRAS/RAF/MEK/ERK pathways may contribute to the development of cardiac hypertrophy through defective ion channel and ion level maintenanceERK5 contributes to the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophyMEK5 may contribute to cardiac hypertrophy but may also play a protective role against cardiac injury