JNK is found to be elevated in adipocytes of type II diabetic patients,[52] and JNK2 knockout mice have also been reported to show reduced type I diabetes symptoms and insulitis.[36] Moreover, in conjunction with the findings that JNK and JIP1 deficiency resulted in protection against development of obesity, insulin sensitivity is also observed in both knockout mice models. This evidence concerns the gene MAPK8IP1 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.