In contrast, Aβ peptide possesses antimicrobial properties as well and is expressed in response to infections, a key component of the anti-microbial hypothesis of AD (Soscia et al., 2010; Kagan et al., 2012; Kumar et al., 2016; Moir et al., 2018) Cp infection in human astrocytes dramatically increases APP suggesting that Cp infection can trigger APP production and subsequent AD pathology (Al-Atrache et al., 2019). Here, APP is linked to Alzheimer disease.