MAPT and Alzheimer disease: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the dominant cause of senile dementia, neuropathologically characterized by the presence of amyloid β-protein (Aβ) plaque and hyperphosphorylated (p)tau protein containing neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), ultimately leading to neurodegeneration (Jack et al., 2018; Hampel et al., 2021; 2023 Alzheimer's disease facts figures, 2023).