TGFB1 and schistosomiasis: Currently, the active mechanism of various natural products in the treatment of schistosomiasis-associated liver fibrosis has been reported, which may modulate fibrotic factors such as IL-13, growth stimulation expressed gene 2 (ST2), TGF-β1, TNF-α and anti-fibrotic factors such as IL-10, Tregs, MHC II through intracellular signaling pathways such as NF-κB pathway, PI3K/AKT pathway and TGF-β1/Smad pathway (Liu et al., 2014; Tang et al., 2017; Kamdem et al., 2018; Huang et al., 2020).