Among them, six lncRNAs (two upregulated, NR2F1-AS1 and ZFHX4-AS1; four downregulated, HAND2-AS1, LINC00330, RP11-834C11.4, and TTTY10) were defined as ESCC TAM-associated lncRNAs, which were only associated with TAM infiltration and had no correlation with infiltration of other immune cells (|r|> 0.3, P < 0.05; Additional file 3: Table S1). Here, HAND2 is linked to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.