Cholangiocarcinoma-derived sEVs were found to significantly reduce the release of TNF-α by NK cells, impairing their ability to combat tumors.118 Similarly, NK cells exposed to sEVs from pancreatic cancer exhibited a notable decrease in TNF-1 and IFN-γ secretion.114 Moreover, TDSEVs alter the expression patterns of receptors and molecules in NK cells, potentially contributing to tumor-associated NK cell dysfunction. The gene discussed is IFNG; the disease is neoplasm.