DRD2 and substance dependence: Strong correlations have been observed between DRD2 binding potential and neural responses to rewarding stimuli and substance use.89–104 Consequently, disruptions in DRD2 function constitute a critical component of theoretical models elucidating the pathophysiology of substance dependence.110 Moreover, as proposed by Pandey et al.,111 epigenetic modifications may serve as fundamental molecular mechanisms influencing how alcohol exposure impacts the brain.