Among these pathways, has04140: (Autophagy-animal), hsa04152: (AMPK signaling pathway), hsa04150: (mTOR signaling pathway) and hsa04137: (mitophagy-animal) have been thoroughly studied in the tumorigenesis and pathogenesis of HCC (Chao et al., 2022; Bi et al., 2021). Here, MTOR is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.