Recently, Jia et al. (24) reported that hypothermia administered to neonates with HIE at ≤6 h or ≥6 h after HIE onset led to significant decreases in the serum NSE concentrations in neonates with moderate to severe HIE, it was suggested that hypothermia may reduce serum NSE levels of neonates with moderate to severe HIE. The gene discussed is ENO2; the disease is perinatal asphyxia.