GDF15 and diabetes mellitus: The AUC of total GDF15 was positively correlated with large and very large triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particles, the triglyceride size (TRLZ), isoleucine, alanine, and glutamine, ketone bodies, acetone, and the Lipoprotein Insulin Resistance (LP-IR) Score and Diabetes Risk Index (DRI).