In this context, the analysis of GAS5 would help distinguish patients who are more likely to benefit from anti-PD-1/anti-PD-L1 treatment in NSCLC, and the strategy of upregulating GAS5 or type I interferon signaling might improve immunotherapy efficacy for low GAS5-expressing patients by altering tumor immune microenvironment. The gene discussed is GAS5; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.