HSPA8 and neoplasm: Our findings revealed that Hsc70 overexpression (Hsc70-OE) or PD-L1 knockdown (PD-L1-KD) effectively suppressed tumor growth, while the combination of both (Hsc70-OE + PD-L1-KD) did not further enhance the inhibitory effect (Supplementary Fig. 5B–D).