It first uses aptPD-L1 to block the immune suppressive function of PD-L1 protein on the surface of tumor cells, then under near-infrared light irradiation, the nanosystem can perform PDT simultaneously, thus inducing immunogenic cell death (ICD) in tumor cells, synergistically activating the immune system with potent tumor cell killing capability and lower immune-related toxicity. The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is neoplasm.