EGFR and non-small cell lung carcinoma: EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) are effective targeted drugs for NSCLC patients with EGFR mutations, acting as analogs of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) that competitively bind to the intracellular EGFR tyrosine kinase site, thereby blocking the activation of downstream pathways and inhibiting tumor growth.