Currently, the therapeutic approaches targeting PD-1/PD-L1 include immune checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive T cell therapy (ACT), gene editing therapies, and tumor vaccines, which have been widely applied clinically in advanced cancer patients, particularly in melanoma and lung cancer, achieving remarkable early success and greatly improving the overall survival and progression-free survival of cancer patients [313]. The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is lung carcinoma.