Remarkably, our in vitro respiratory cell study revealed that TGF-β1 also amplifies NLRP3 expression in downstream pathway, suggesting the autocrine activation of TGF-β1 in NLRP3 pathway in the obesity model, and this phenomenon can also be attenuated through PCSK9 inhibition or statin administration. Here, PCSK9 is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.