Administration of SerpinA1 is also suggested as a therapy for alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD), in which there is an increased risk of emphysema, obstructive lung disease, and liver disease [61–68]; however, it is unclear if AATD mutations are associated with COVID-19 severity [61, 69, 70]. Here, SERPINA1 is linked to Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency.