BDNF and glioblastoma: We observed elevated BDNF levels in patients with glioma-associated seizures at the time of diagnosis (P = 0.02; Fig. 6g) and during follow-up (P < 0.001; Fig. 6h), which aligns with the known activity-regulated release of BDNF, most likely from healthy neurons (Fig. 6i,j) within high-neural glioblastoma networks.