PRL and type 2 diabetes mellitus: In cross-sectional studies, compared to individuals with the highest PRL levels (reference group), those with the lowest PRL levels were associated with higher risk of type 2 diabetes both in men: OR (95%CI) = 1.86 (1.56–2.22) and in women: OR = 2.15 (1.63–2.85) (Fig. 2A) and in women in cohort studies: OR = 1.52 (1.02–2.26) (Fig. 2B).