IGHE and lung cancer: One study was conducted only among the female population,[16] and 2 studies had a higher proportion of females in both cases and controls (Table 1).[15,18] All studies confirmed lung cancer cases histologically; however, AR was confirmed by self-confirmation by interview, except in one study that diagnostically estimated the IgE level for the confirmation of AR.[19] Overall, the study included data from 4724 cases and 9059 controls; however, 47.2% of non-lung cancer subjects were included by Wang et al.