In addition, 1 study in individuals with cerebral small vessel disease found that baseline NfL levels predicted cognitive decline and transition to dementia, with no change in NfL levels over time.74 Our results did not indicate that baseline plasma NfL levels could predict changes in MoCA scores over a 24-week time period in which all participants with vMCI were also concurrently undergoing CR. This evidence concerns the gene NEFL and cerebral small vessel disease.