Serum endothelin 1-levels were lowered by 20% after Pycnogenol® intake compared to placebo. LDL cholesterol was reduced by 12% with Pycnogenol® (vs. +3% with placebo). Pycnogenol® was shown to lower glycated hemoglobin by 10% in the Pycnogenol® group, a significant effect compared to placebo. Fasting plasma glucose was lowered by 18.4% in type 2 diabetes subjects, taking Pycnogenol® compared to placebo-controlled subjects. The gene discussed is EDN1; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.