A translational recent study compared the mRNA and protein expression of genes for JAK1-JAK3 and STAT1-STAT5 in patients with depressive disorders and healthy subjects and found an increased expression of JAK3 (and decreased expression of STAT1) in the group of depressed patients, reinforcing the specific role of JAK-3 in depression.36 The gene discussed is STAT1; the disease is depressive symptom measurement.