Furthermore, they ameliorate cognitive impairment caused by chronic cerebral insufficiency (Wang et al., 2020), protect against ischemia-induced white matter lesions via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in the white matter (Wang J. et al., 2019; Wang M. et al., 2019), and facilitate SCI treatment by promoting axonal growth and extension into the lesion site (Tang et al., 2016). Here, MTOR is linked to Cognitive impairment.