In light of our findings demonstrating CARP-1 phosphorylation by p38γ, and the fact that p38γ is overexpressed in primary colon cancers, and is a potential therapeutic target for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), we next investigated whether CARP-1 phosphorylation was altered in primary breast cancers. The gene discussed is CCAR1; the disease is breast carcinoma.