Expression of IL-6, IL-8 (CXCL8), CXCL1, CXCL2, and CCL-20, which are known to be expressed in the respiratory epithelium upon infection (Starner et al., 2003; Shieh et al., 2014; Yamamoto et al., 2014; Glaser et al., 2019), was assessed. This evidence concerns the gene CXCL1 and infection.