MTOR and lung carcinoma: For example, PKC-alpha and PKC-delta can phosphorylate and translocate MARCKS from the plasma membrane to the cytoplasm in smoke-related lung cancer, and the binding of MARCKS to calmodulin (CaM) could also result in the translocation of MARCKS to activate the downstream PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway [34, 62].