IFNB1 and cancer: PERK-dependent phosphorylation of e-IF2α has been shown to facilitate the translocation of Calr from the ER lumen to the cell membrane surface35, and recent studies have shown that anti-cancer drugs promote the upregulation of e-IF2α phosphorylation and IFNβ and Cxcl10 expression in tumor cells, which may lead to ICD32,33,35.