To further investigate the physiological effects of zebularine-induced ICD in tumor cells, we performed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) analysis on the single-cell transcriptome data and found that Ccl5, B2m, H2-D1, Cxcl10, Isg15, Psmb9, and Psmb8 were significantly upregulated in the zebularine group compared with the control untreated group (Fig. 5a). Here, CCL5 is linked to neoplasm.