IFNB1 and infection: Our data demonstrated that ADAM9 is essential for IFN-β induction during EMCV (Fig. 4A, B) and CVB3 (Fig. 4C) infection in vivo and to EMCV vRNA challenge in vitro (Fig. 6B), but ADAM9 was not required for the IFN response to RIG-I ligands (Fig. 6D, E, F).