MMP9 and cancer: Furthermore, these two compounds display multiple mechanisms of anticancer potential, including the reduction in expression (in both cancerous and non-cancerous cell lines) of various cellular factors both involved in cancer prognosis (such as Forkhead box M1 (FoxM1), cyclin D1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK 4), and ECM degradative enzymes (such as matrix metalloproteinases, MMP-9 and MMP-6)), or not involved in cancer prognosis (such as cytochrome p450 2e1) (Caunii et al. 2017; Chakravarti et al. 2012; Jeong 1999).