When we looked at T-cell cytokine production using IFNγ, IL-2, TNFα and granzyme B labelling, we observed a decrease in cells that do not produce cytokines and an increase in poly-functional cells producing 3 or 4 cytokines in GBM patients (Fig. 1G and Supplementary Fig. 1A). Here, TNF is linked to glioblastoma.